Aerodynamic trucking systems

ABSTRACT

A side skirt assembly for attachment to a trailer of a tractor-trailer, particularly to a trailer frame comprising transverse structural support members extending between sides of the trailer. The side skirt assembly comprises an elongated skirt panel, an elongated support and one or more skirt support members. The side skirt assemble comprises an inner surface and an outer surface. The elongated support is coupled to the elongated skirt panel on the inner surface thereof proximate an upper edge of the elongated skirt panel and extends at least a portion of the length of the elongated skirt panel. The more skirt support members couple the elongated skirt panel to a corresponding one or more or of the transverse structural support members.

CROSS-REFERENCES TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

The present application is a continuation of U.S. Nonprovisional patentapplication Ser. No. 15/958,342 filed Apr. 20, 2018 entitled“AERODYNAMIC TRUCKING SYSTEMS”, which is a continuation of U.S.Nonprovisional patent application Ser. No. 15/277,172 filed Sep. 27,2016 entitled “AERODYNAMIC TRUCKING SYSTEMS”, which is a continuation ofU.S. Nonprovisional patent application Ser. No. 14/935,647 filed Nov. 9,2015 entitled “AERODYNAMIC TRUCKING SYSTEMS”, which is a continuation ofU.S. Nonprovisional patent application Ser. No. 14/247,504, filed Apr.8, 2014, now U.S. Pat. No. 9,211,919 entitled “AERODYNAMIC TRUCKINGSYSTEMS”, which is a continuation of U.S. Nonprovisional patentapplication Ser. No. 13/633,013 filed Oct. 1, 2012, now U.S. Pat. No.8,727,425 entitled, “AERODYNAMIC TRUCKING SYSTEMS”, which claims thebenefit of U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 61/639,830, filed Apr.27, 2012, entitled “AERODYNAMIC TRUCKING SYSTEMS”; which is acontinuation-in-part of U.S. Nonprovisional patent application Ser. No.13/117,891 filed May 27, 2011, now U.S. Pat. No. 8,303,025 entitled“AERODYNAMIC TRUCKING SYSTEMS”, which claims the benefit of U.S.Provisional Application Ser. No. 61/349,183, filed May 27, 2010,entitled “AERODYNAMIC TRUCKING SYSTEMS”; and, which claims the benefitof U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 61/374,572, filed Aug. 17,2010, entitled “AERODYNAMIC TRUCKING SYSTEMS”; and incorporates thedisclosure of each application by reference. To the extent that thepresent disclosure conflicts with any referenced application, however,the present disclosure is to be given priority.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

This technology relates to aerodynamic trucking systems. Moreparticularly, this technology relates to providing a system ofaerodynamic apparatus configured to minimize aerodynamic drag andmaintain smoother air flow over highway-operated vehicles, particularlylong-haul tractor-trailer vehicles.

Most large long-haul cargo trailers exhibit less than optimalaerodynamic p during highway operation. At highway speeds, conventionaltrailers develop a substantial amount of turbulent airflow in the regionbetween the axles below the trailer box. This turbulence results insignificant aerodynamic drag, increasing both fuel consumption andNitrogen Oxide (NOx) emissions at the motorized towing vehicle.Additionally, temporarily sustained vibration of external vehiclesurfaces due to transient wind-force loading is often associated withpremature wear, noise, and early failures within such aerodynamicvehicle structures. A system and method to improve the aerodynamicperformance of long-haul transport vehicles in the above-noted areas isdescribed below.

SUMMARY OF THE PRESENT TECHNOLOGY

In accordance with an embodiment of the present technology a cargotrailer system relating to supporting at least one air-flow directorfrom at least one cargo-supporting platform configured to support cargoduring wheeled transport, comprising: at least one support, attachableto the cargo-supporting platform, structured and arranged to support theat least one air-flow director; wherein such at least one supportcomprises at least one position-adjuster structured and arranged topositionally adjust the at least one air-flow director, with respect tothe at least one cargo-supporting platform, when the at least onecargo-supporting platform and the at least one air-flow director areattached with such at least one support; wherein such at least oneposition-adjuster comprises multiple-adjuster types structured andarranged to provide multiple positional adjustments of the at least oneair-flow director with respect to the at least one cargo-supportingplatform; and wherein the multiple positional adjustments comprise atleast four different positional-adjustment types.

Moreover, the present technology provides such a cargo trailer systemwherein at least one of such multiple-adjuster types comprises: at leastone platform attacher structured and arranged to attach such at leastone support with the at least one cargo-supporting platform; and atleast one support-position translator structured and arranged to assistpositional translation of such at least one support with respect to theat least one cargo-supporting platform; wherein such at least onesupport-position translator comprises at least one freedom of movementgenerally parallel to the at least one cargo-supporting platform.Additionally, it provides such a cargo trailer system wherein at leastone of such multiple-adjuster types comprises: at least one platformattacher structured and arranged to attach such at least one supportwith the at least one cargo-supporting platform; and at least one firstsupport rotator structured and arranged to assist rotation of such atleast one support with respect to such at least one platform attacher;wherein such at least one first support rotator comprises at least onerotational axis perpendicular to the at least one cargo-supportingplatform.

Also, the present technology provides such a cargo trailer systemwherein at least one of such multiple-adjuster types comprises: at leastone platform attacher structured and arranged to attach such at leastone support with the at least one cargo-supporting platform; at leastone second support rotator structured and arranged to rotate such atleast one support, with respect to such at least one platform attacher;and at least one spring biaser structured and arranged to spring biassuch at least one support to place the at least one air-flow director inthe at least one useful aerodynamic rest-position relative to the atleast one cargo-supporting platform; wherein such at least one secondsupport rotator comprises at least one rotational axis parallel to theat least one cargo-supporting platform; and wherein such at least onesecond support rotator is structured and arranged to permit at least onerotation of such at least one support away from the at least one usefulaerodynamic rest-position, in response to at least one force above aselected force level applied to the at least one air-flow director.

In addition, the present technology provides such a cargo trailer systemwherein at least one of such multiple-adjuster types comprises at leastone support rotator adjuster structured and arranged to assistrotational adjustment of such at least one support, about the at leastone rotational axis generally parallel to the at least onecargo-supporting platform, to such at least one useful aerodynamicrest-position.

The present technology provides such a cargo trailer system furthercomprising: at least one support-position translator structured andarranged to assist positional translation of such at least one supportwith respect to the at least one cargo-supporting platform; wherein suchat least one support-position translator comprises at least one freedomof movement generally parallel to the at least one cargo-supportingplatform. Further, the present technology provides such a cargo trailersystem further comprising: at least one first support rotator structuredand arranged to assist rotation of such at least one support withrespect to such at least one platform attacher; wherein such at leastone first support rotator comprises at least one rotational axisperpendicular to the at least one cargo-supporting platform. Evenfurther, the present technology provides such a cargo trailer systemwherein such at least one platform attacher comprises at least oneclamping assembly structured and arranged to assist adjustable clampingof such at least one platform attacher to at least one structural memberof the at least one cargo-supporting platform. Moreover, the presenttechnology provides such a cargo trailer system wherein such at leastone clamping assembly comprises at least one first clamping member andat least one second clamping member, each one structured and arranged toform at least one clamped engagement with at least one flanged portionof the at least one structural member.

Additionally, the present technology provides such a cargo trailersystem wherein such at least one first support rotator comprises: atleast one first threaded tensioner structured and arranged to threadablytension such at least one first clamping member to at least one clampedengagement with the at least one flanged portion of the at least onestructural member; at least one second threaded tensioner structured andarranged to threadably tension such at least one second clamping memberto at least one other clamped engagement with the at least one flangedportion of the at least one structural member; wherein such at least onefirst threaded tensioner occupies at least one hinge position withrespect to such at least one second threaded tensioner; wherein such atleast one second threaded tensioner occupies at least one pivot positionwith respect to such at least one hinge position; wherein positioning ofsuch first threaded tensioner and such at least one second threadedtensioner assists rotation of such at least one support about the atleast one rotational axis perpendicular to the at least onecargo-supporting platform; and wherein such rotation permits positioningof the air-flow director longitudinally angled with respect to the atleast one cargo-supporting platform. Also, the present technologyprovides such a cargo trailer system wherein such at least onesupport-position translator comprises such at least one clampingassembly.

Further, the present technology provides such a cargo trailer systemwherein such at least one support rotator adjuster comprises: at leastone threaded member threadably engaged within such at least one rigidchannel; wherein such at least one threaded member comprises at leastone proximal end and at least one distal end wherein such at least onedistal end engages such at least one platform attacher when such atleast one rigid channel is biased toward at least one position orientingthe at least one air-flow director in the at least one usefulaerodynamic rest-position; wherein a rotation of such at least onethreaded member produces at least one rotational adjustment of such atleast one rigid channel, about the at least one rotational axisgenerally parallel to the at least one cargo-supporting platform; andwherein such at least one rotational adjustment of such at least onerigid channel assists in optimizing placement of such at least oneair-flow director in the at least one useful aerodynamic rest-positionby angular adjustment of such at least one air-flow director relative tothe at least one cargo-supporting platform. Even further, the presenttechnology provides such a cargo trailer system further comprising suchat least one air-flow director. Moreover, the present technologyprovides such a cargo trailer system wherein such at least one air-flowdirector comprises at least one planar panel structured and arranged todirect away from an under portion of the at least one cargo-supportingplatform, a flow of air passing adjacent the at least onecargo-supporting platform.

Additionally, the present technology provides such a cargo trailersystem wherein such at least one air-flow director comprises: at leastthree planar panels each one structured and arranged to be supportedfrom the cargo-supporting platform by at least two of such at least onesupports; wherein such at least three planar panels, when supported inseries from the cargo-supporting platform, direct away from an underportion of the at least one cargo-supporting platform, a flow of airpassing adjacent the at least one cargo-supporting platform. Also, thepresent technology provides such a cargo trailer system furthercomprising: at least one resilient deflection member structured andarranged to resiliently deflect under force loading; wherein such atleast one resilient deflection member extends generally continuouslyalong a bottom portion of such at least one planar panel. In addition,the present technology provides such a cargo trailer system wherein suchat least one resilient deflection member further comprises at least onesynthetic rubber comprising at least one air-smoothing projectionstructure and arranged to assist in smoothing airflow along the surfaceof such at least one resilient deflection member.

In accordance with another embodiment hereof, the present technologyprovides a cargo trailer system, relating to supporting at least oneair-flow director from at least one cargo-supporting platform configuredto support cargo during wheeled transport, comprising: at least onesupport, attachable to the cargo-supporting platform, structured andarranged to support the at least one air-flow director; wherein such atleast one support comprises at least one position-adjuster structuredand arranged to positionally adjust the at least one air-flow director,with respect to the at least one cargo-supporting platform, when the atleast one cargo-supporting platform and the at least one air-flowdirector are attached with such at least one support; wherein such atleast one position-adjuster comprises at least one platform attacherstructured and arranged to attach such at least one support means withthe at least one cargo-supporting platform, and at least one firstsupport rotator structured and arranged to assist rotation of such atleast one support with respect to such at least one platform attacher;wherein such at least one first support rotator comprises at least onerotational axis perpendicular to the at least one cargo-supportingplatform; and wherein the multiple positional adjustments comprise atleast four different positional-adjustment types.

In accordance with another embodiment hereof, the present technologyprovides a cargo trailer system, relating to supporting at least oneair-flow director from at least one cargo-supporting platform configuredto support cargo during wheeled transport, comprising: support means,attachable to the cargo-supporting platform, for supporting the at leastone air-flow director; wherein such support means comprisesposition-adjuster means for positional adjustment of the at least oneair-flow director, with respect to the at least one cargo-supportingplatform, when the at least one cargo-supporting platform and the atleast one air-flow director are attached with such support means;wherein such position-adjuster means comprises multiple-adjuster typemeans for multiple positional adjustments of the at least one air-flowdirector with respect to the at least one cargo-supporting platform; andwherein the multiple positional adjustments comprise at least fourdifferent positional-adjustment types.

And, the present technology provides such a cargo trailer system whereinat least one such multiple-adjuster type means comprises: platformattacher means for attaching such support means with the at least onecargo-supporting platform; and support-position translator means forassisting positional translation of such support means with respect tothe at least one cargo-supporting platform; wherein suchsupport-position translator means comprises at least one freedom ofmovement generally parallel to the at least one cargo-supportingplatform. Further, the present technology provides such a cargo trailersystem wherein at least one such multiple-adjuster type means comprises:platform attacher means for attaching such support means with the atleast one cargo-supporting platform; and first support rotator means forrotating such support means with respect to such platform attachermeans; wherein such first support rotator means comprises at least onerotational axis perpendicular to the at least one cargo-supportingplatform.

Even further, the present technology provides such a cargo trailersystem wherein at least one such multiple-adjuster type means comprises:platform attacher means for attaching such support means with the atleast one cargo-supporting platform; and second support rotator meansfor rotating such support means, with respect to such platform attachermeans; wherein such second support rotator means comprises at least onerotational axis parallel to the at least one cargo-supporting platform,and spring biaser means for spring biasing such support means toward atleast one ideal aerodynamic rest-position relative to the at least onecargo-supporting platform. Even further, it provides such a cargotrailer system wherein at least one such multiple-adjuster type meanscomprises support rotator adjuster means for assisting rotationaladjustment of such support means, about the at least one rotational axisgenerally parallel to the at least one cargo-supporting platform, tosuch at least one ideal aerodynamic rest-position. In accordance withvarious embodiments, the present technology provides each and everynovel feature, element, combination, step and/or method disclosed orsuggested by this patent application.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

A more complete understanding of the present invention may be derived byreferring to the detailed description and claims when considered inconnection with the following illustrative figures. In the followingfigures, like reference numbers refer to similar elements and stepsthroughout the figures.

FIG. 1 shows left-side perspective view, illustrating an advancedaerodynamic skirt fairing, mounted in an operable position adjacent acargo trailer, according to an exemplary embodiment of the presenttechnology;

FIG. 2 shows an elevational view, illustrating left-side components ofthe advanced aerodynamic skirt fairing, demounted from the cargotrailer, according to the exemplary embodiment of FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 shows an exploded side view, illustrating left-side components ofthe advanced aerodynamic skirt fairing, according to the exemplaryembodiment of FIG. 1;

FIG. 4 shows a cross-sectional view through a panel-to-panel trimcomponent of both the left-side components and right-side components ofthe advanced aerodynamic skirt fairing of FIG. 1;

FIG. 5 shows a cross-sectional view through a terminating trim componentof both the left-side components and the right-side components of theadvanced aerodynamic skirt fairing of FIG. 1;

FIG. 6 shows the sectional view 6-6 of FIG. 2, further illustrating thesupport assembly of the advanced aerodynamic skirt fairing, according tothe exemplary embodiment of FIG. 1;

FIG. 7 shows a top view, illustrating an adjustable mounting plate, of apanel support post of the support assembly of FIG. 8, according to theexemplary embodiment of FIG. 1;

FIG. 8 shows a partial bottom view, of skirt components of the left-sidecomponents and the right-side components of the advanced aerodynamicskirt fairing, mounted to the underside of the cargo trailer at anon-parallel angle, relative to the longitudinal axis of the cargotrailer, according to a exemplary embodiment of the present technology;

FIG. 9 shows a front view of the adjustable mounting plate and the panelsupport post of the advanced aerodynamic skirt fairing, according to theexemplary embodiment of FIG. 1;

FIG. 10 shows a side view, of a subassembly of the adjustable mountingplate and panel support post of FIG. 10;

FIG. 11 shows a top view, illustrating the adjustable mounting plate,adjusted to a non-parallel angle, relative to the longitudinal axis ofthe cargo trailer, according to an exemplary embodiment of the presenttechnology;

FIG. 12 shows a partial side view, diagrammatically illustrating rangesof adjustment provided by the support assembly, according to theexemplary embodiment of FIG. 1;

FIG. 13 shows a partial side view, diagrammatically illustrating afreedom of movement provided by the support assembly, according to theexemplary embodiment of FIG. 1;

FIG. 14 is a cross-sectional view, through the panel support post ofFIG. 9;

FIG. 15 is a partial cross-sectional view, through a panel the advancedaerodynamic skirt fairing, according to the exemplary embodiment of FIG.1;

FIG. 16 is a cross-sectional view, through a resilient base member ofthe advanced aerodynamic skirt fairing, according to the exemplaryembodiment of FIG. 1;

FIG. 17 shows a front view, in partial cut-away section, of an alternatedampener-isolated panel support post of the advanced aerodynamic skirtfairing, according to another exemplary embodiment of the presenttechnology; and

FIG. 18 shows a sectional view of the section 18-18 of FIG. 17 showing aside view of the alternate dampener-isolated panel support post.

Elements and steps in the figures are illustrated for simplicity andclarity and have not necessarily been rendered according to anyparticular sequence. For example, steps that may be performedconcurrently or in a different order are illustrated in the figures tohelp to improve understanding of embodiments of the present invention.

Appendix A shows an alternate structural support member providingpositive dampening of periodic frequencies within the fairing structureduring use. Such alternate structural support member utilizes anelastomeric-isolator configured to provide dampening of the fairingstructures.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EXEMPLARY EMBODIMENTS

The present invention may be described in terms of functional blockcomponents and various processing steps. Such functional blocks may berealized by any number of components configured to perform the specifiedfunctions and achieve the various results. In addition, the presentinvention may be practiced in conjunction with any number of materialsand methods of manufacture and the system described is merely oneexemplary application for the invention.

Aerodynamic trucking system 100 may comprises a group of systemembodiments configured to improve the aerodynamic performance of wheeledcargo haulers at speed, particularly large road-going trailers servinglong-haul cargo transport operations. The fuel efficiency of amotor-driven vehicle is closely related to the aerodynamic configurationof the vehicle, particularly with respect to the amount of airturbulence generated during movement of the vehicle through the air. Thegreater the air turbulence created by the vehicle the greater theresistance, and the more fuel required to move the vehicle.

Exemplary embodiments of the aerodynamic trucking system 100 function tomanage airflow around and under a semi-type cargo trailer, with theachieved goal of significantly reducing aerodynamic turbulence duringoperation. Testing of the system embodiments showed a significantreduction in turbulent airflow in and around the trailer, resulting in acorresponding reduction of aerodynamic drag, which produced both anincrease in fuel economy and reduction of Nitrogen Oxide (NOx) emissionsat the motorized tractor towing the trailer.

Referring to the drawings, FIG. 1 shows left-side perspective view,illustrating left-side components 106 and a portion of the right-sidecomponents 108 of an advanced aerodynamic skirt fairing 102, mounted inan operable position adjacent the underside of a van-type cargo trailer104, according to an embodiment of the present technology. FIG. 2 showsan elevational view, illustrating the left-side components 106 ofaerodynamic skirt fairing 102, demounted from cargo trailer 104,according to the exemplary embodiment of FIG. 1. It should be noted thatthe structures and arrangements of the depicted left-side components 106are a mirror of the right-side components 108; therefore, only one setof aerodynamic skirt fairings will be described herein. It is noted thatthe drawings and descriptions of the left-side components 106 areequally applicable to the mountable embodiments at both sides of cargotrailer 104.

As generally illustrated in FIG. 1, undercarriage 101 of a conventionalcargo trailer is comprised of groupings of various drag-producingcomponents, which generally reside below a cargo-supporting floor deck116 (at least embodying herein at least one cargo-supporting platform),customarily having a rectangular shape, as shown. The drag-producingcomponents of a semi-type cargo trailer undercarriage customarilyinclude longitudinal and transverse structural support members 105 (seealso FIG. 8), rear axles 112, brake components (not shown), mud flaps107, etc. Each aerodynamic skirt fairing 102 (at least embodying hereinat least one air-flow director) may function to direct air away from thecentral regions of the trailer undercarriage 101, which contain themajority of such drag-producing components. Such directional control ofairflow during transport operations may reduce the drag-producinginteractions between the air and the above-noted structures. Morespecifically, aerodynamic skirt fairings 102 of aerodynamic truckingsystem 100 may be configured to minimize aerodynamic drag by promotinglaminar air flow along the sides and underneath cargo trailer 104.

Despite a general conformity of van-type trailer designs within thetrailer industry, variations exist between the offerings of the varioustrailer manufacturers. The aerodynamic trucking system 100 may beuniversally adaptable to most conventional semi-type cargo trailers. Toaccommodate specific aerodynamic variations within the various trailerconfigurations, each aerodynamic skirt fairing 102 may be configured tobe adjustably mountable to the undercarriage 101 of cargo trailer 104.The integration of an adjustment feature within the system allows aninstaller to optimize the aerodynamic performance of an installedaerodynamic skirt fairing 102 based on the unique aerodynamicrequirements of a specific vehicle platform.

Each aerodynamic skirt fairing 102 may comprise a substantially planarexternal face 109 that is essentially solid (that is, impermeable to thepassage of air). Each aerodynamic skirt fairing 102 may be mountedadjacent one of the two longitudinal lower side rails 110 of thetrailer, as shown. The leading edge 111 of each aerodynamic skirtfairing 102 may be located in a position just aft of the forward landinggear 114, as shown. Both aerodynamic skirt fairings 102 extend rearward,terminating at respective points just ahead of rear axles 112, as shown.Such an arrangement was found to be effective in reducing drag bysubstantially “shading” the rear axles 112 from the airflow moving pastcargo trailer 104.

In general, the placements of aerodynamic skirt fairings 102 may besymmetrical and non-parallel with respect to longitudinal axis 113 ofcargo-supporting floor deck 116, as best illustrated in the undersideview of FIG. 8. More specifically, the aerodynamic performance of mosttrailer installations is optimized by aligning the two aerodynamic skirtfairings 102 along a set of symmetrically opposing lines oriented toconverge at a point on longitudinal axis 113 forward of the trailer.Each aerodynamic skirt fairings 102 may be adjusted to comprise an angle“A” of between about ½ and about 8 degrees with respect to longitudinalaxis 113. This arrangement “pinches” together the forward ends of twofairings, as shown, and was found in practice to improve the aerodynamicperformance of most trailers when so arranged. Upon reading thisspecification, those with ordinary skill in the art will now appreciatethat, under appropriate circumstances, considering such issues as cost,user preference, etc., other fairing arrangements such as, for example,providing fairings placed at greater angular orientations, providingfairings extending approximately a full length of a trailer, providingfairings having one or more non-planar portions, providing fairingshaving air passages, vents, or other air-permeable portions, etc., maysuffice.

FIG. 3 shows an exploded side view, illustrating left-side components106 of aerodynamic skirt fairing 102, according to the exemplaryembodiment of FIG. 1. Both right-side components 108 and left-sidecomponents (each one at least embodying herein at least one air-flowdirector) may comprise an upper front panel 118, at least one uppercenter panel(s) 120, and an upper rear panel 122, as shown. A continuous(single piece) flexible lower skirt 126 may span the length of theassembled upper panels of aerodynamic skirt fairing 102, as shown. Theflexible lower skirt 126 may be fixed firmly to the lower edge of eachof the upper panels. The flexible lower skirt 126 may be configured foruse within aerodynamic trucking system 100, and was found to beinstrumental in achieving the high levels of drag reduction exhibited bythe system. In addition, flexible lower skirt 126 may function toimprove impact resistance within the fairing by providing a region ofresilient deflection at the base of the skirt. This arrangement protectsthe less flexible upper panels from perpendicular impact while allowingthe base of the fairing to flex outwardly to release potentiallydamaging objects.

In one embodiment of the system, upper front panel 118, upper centerpanel 120, and upper rear panel 122 each comprise a vertical height “H”of about 24 inches. The upper front panel 118 comprises a preferredmaximum length L1 of about eight feet, upper center panel 120 comprisesa preferred maximum length L2 of about eight feet, and upper rear panel122 comprises a preferred maximum length L3 of about eight feet. Uponreading this specification, those with ordinary skill in the art willnow appreciate that, under appropriate circumstances, considering suchissues as trailer length, material preference, etc., other dimensionalarrangements such as, for example, altering the length of one or morepanel portions to accommodate alternate trailer configurations, etc.,may suffice.

To augment aerodynamic performance of the overall fairing assembly,leading edge 111 of front panel 118 may be canted rearward at aninclination X1 of about 68 degrees from horizontal, as shown. Thetrailing edge 121 of rear panel 122 may be formed as a convex curve thatgenerally corresponds to the external shape of the tires 123 of rearaxles 112, as shown. The arcuate profile of trailing edge 121 allows theaft termination of the fairing assembly to be located in a positionclosely adjacent the forward outboard tires 123 of rear axles 112,without the risk of contact interference. A curve having a slope ofabout 37 degrees was found to appropriately match trailing edge 121 tothe outer diameter of a standard semi-trailer tire. Upon reading thisspecification, those with ordinary skill in the art will now appreciatethat, under appropriate circumstances, considering such issues as cost,user preference, trailer configuration, etc., other terminationarrangements such as, for example, alternate angles and/or slopes,non-radius terminations, etc., may suffice.

Each upper panel may be constructed from industry-standard materialsselected to comprise a structural rigidity sufficient to support therequired air deflection function, while offering a level of mechanicalflexibility sufficient to deflect resiliently under small to moderateimpact loads, thereby reducing the need for frequent panel repair orreplacement due to permanent impact damage. Materials suitable for usein the construction of front panel 118, center panel(s) 120, and rearpanel 122 may comprise polyester-coated steel laminated to a low densitypolyethylene (LPDE) core with a material thickness of about ⅛ inch. Uponreading this specification, those with ordinary skill in the art willnow appreciate that, under appropriate circumstances, considering suchissues as cost, user preference, etc., other material selections suchas, for example, aluminum, molded polymer panels, polymer-basedcomposite panels, fiber-reinforced polymer panels, etc., may suffice.

A panel-to-panel trim connector 128 may be provided to cover the gapbetween adjacent panel sections, as shown. FIG. 5 shows across-sectional view through a H-shaped panel-to-panel trim connector128 of both the left-side components 106 and right-side components 108.Each panel-to-panel trim connector 128 may be constructed of a durableand lightweight material, such as aluminum. Panel-to-panel trimconnector 128 may comprise a material thickness of about 1/32 inch, andmay be powder coated to match the finish of external face 109. In asimilar manner, both the leading edge 111 of front panel 118 andtrailing edge 121 of rear panel 122 may be finished with a ¼-inch“U”-shaped edge trim 125, as generally illustrated in thecross-sectional depiction of FIG. 6.

The air-directing upper panels of aerodynamic skirt fairing 102 may besupported from the underside structures of cargo trailer 104 by a set ofpanel supports 130, as shown (at least embodying herein at least onesupport, attachable to the cargo-supporting platform, structured andarranged to support the at least one air-flow director). Each panelsupport 130 may comprise a downwardly-projecting support member 103pivotally coupled to an upper mount 132. Each support member 103comprise a rigid “hat-shaped” channel 141, formed from at least onedurable material, such as steel. To reduce both aerodynamic drag andvisual exposure, the base of channel 141 is angled upwardly at about 45degrees, as shown. A sectional profile of rigid channel 141 is shown inFIG. 14.

FIG. 6 shows the sectional view 6-6 of FIG. 2, illustrating a singleexample of panel support 130, according to the embodiment of FIG. 1.Upper mount 132 may be configured to be adjustably mounted to atransverse structural support member 105 of cargo trailer 104, as shown.Each articulated support member 103 may be configured to be adjustablealong multiple linear and rotational axes to facilitate the above-notedoptimized aerodynamic positioning of respective aerodynamic skirtfairings 102 within a specific tractor-trailer setup (at least embodyingherein at least one position-adjuster structured and arranged topositionally adjust the at least one air-flow director, with respect tothe at least one cargo-supporting platform, when the at least onecargo-supporting platform and the at least one air-flow director areattached with such at least one support; and at least embodying hereinwherein such at least one position-adjuster comprises multiple-adjustertypes structured and arranged to provide multiple positional adjustmentsof the at least one air-flow director with respect to the at least onecargo-supporting platform). Each articulated support member 103 maycomprise at least four different positional-adjustment types, as furtherdescribed below.

FIG. 7 shows a top view, illustrating clamping assembly 134 of uppermount 132, according to the embodiment of FIG. 1. Specific reference isnow made to FIG. 7 with continued reference to the prior illustrations.Clamping assembly 134 may be configured to firmly clamp upper mount 132to a lower horizontal flange 136 of structural support member 105, asdiagrammatically indicated by the dashed-line depiction of theaccompanying illustrations (at least embodying herein at least oneclamping assembly structured and arranged to assist adjustable clampingof such at least one platform attacher to at least one structural memberof the at least one cargo-supporting platform). Clamping assembly 134may comprise a pair of upper clamping members identified herein as firstclamping member 137 and second clamping member 138, as shown. Firstclamping member 137 and second clamping member 138 may be arranged tocompressively engage the top of flange 136, as shown. Clamping assembly134 further comprises a clamping plate 140 arranged to engage theunderside of flange 136, as shown. Clamping plate 140 may be constructedfrom metallic plate, such as, for example, steel plate having athickness of about one quarter inch.

A first threaded tensioner 142, may comprise a threaded bolt and nut,which engages both first clamping member 137 and clamping plate 140, asshown. First threaded tensioner 142 may be configured to threadablytension first clamping member 137 to at least one clamped engagementwith flange 136 of structural support member 105. A second threadedtensioner 144, may comprise a threaded bolt and nut, which engages bothsecond clamping member 138 and clamping plate 140, as shown. Secondthreaded tensioner 144 may be configured to threadably tension secondclamping member 138 to at least one clamped engagement with flange 136.

When both first threaded tensioner 142 and second threaded tensioner 144are loosened, panel support 130 is free to translate along structuralsupport member 105 in a direction generally parallel to cargo-supportingfloor deck 116 and transverse to longitudinal axis 113 (at leastembodying herein at least one support-position translator structured andarranged to assist positional translation of such at least one supportwith respect to the at least one cargo-supporting platform; wherein suchat least one support-position translator comprises at least one freedomof movement generally parallel to the at least one cargo-supportingplatform). When panel support 130 reaches a selected location alongstructural support member 105, by the generally horizontal translationaladjustment, both first threaded tensioner 142 and second threadedtensioner 144 may be tightened to firmly clamp panel support 130 inplace. The above-described translational adjustment, enabled by theoperation of clamping assembly 134, may comprise a first of the fourdifferent positional-adjustment types.

Panel support 130 may comprise an additional positional adjuster,identified herein as support rotator 131, comprising the first of threerotational adjusters integrated within panel support 130. Supportrotator 131 may be structured and arranged to enable the rotation ofpanel support 130 about a rotational axis 156 oriented approximatelyperpendicular to planar surface 158 (see FIG. 9) of cargo-supportingfloor deck 116 (at least embodying herein at least one first supportrotator structured and arranged to assist rotation of such at least onesupport with respect to such at least one platform attacher; whereinsuch at least one first support rotator comprises at least onerotational axis perpendicular to the at least one cargo-supportingplatform). The ability to rotate panel support 130 about rotational axis156 facilitates the non-orthogonal positioning of aerodynamic skirtfairing 102, and may comprise a second of the four differentpositional-adjustment types.

As best illustrated in the illustrations of FIG. 7 and FIG. 11, firstthreaded tensioner 142 may pass through a set of circular apertures 146located within first clamping member 137 and one side of clamping plate140, as shown. Second threaded tensioner 144 passes through a circularaperture 148 located within second clamping member 138 and an arcuateslot 150 located within an opposing side of clamping plate 140, asshown. This arrangement places first threaded tensioner 142 in a hingeposition 152 with respect to second threaded tensioner 144, with secondthreaded tensioner 144 occupying a pivot position 154 with respect tohinge position 152.

FIG. 8 shows a partial bottom view, of left-side components 106 andright-side components 108 of the advanced aerodynamic skirt fairing 102,mounted to trailer undercarriage 101 at non-parallel angles relative tolongitudinal axis 113, according to an optimized installation of thepresent technology. The functions provided by support rotator 131 may beenabled by the above-noted arrangements of first threaded tensioner 142,second threaded tensioner 144, and clamping plate 140, which togetherenable the rotation of the full panel support 130 about rotational axis156. The rotational adjustability of panel support 130 about rotationalaxis 156 permits the non-orthogonal positioning of aerodynamic skirtfairing 102, at multiple selected angles with respect to the transversestructural support members 105, without applying undue stress to theconnections between upper panels and their respective panel supports130. This greatly increases the in-service durability of the system, byeliminating the need for the upper panels to twist or flex at theirsupport mountings.

FIG. 9 shows a front view of panel supports 130, according to theembodiment of FIG. 1. FIG. 10 shows a side view, of subassembly 160 ofupper mounting assembly 132. Each panel support 130 may comprise anadditional set of rotational positioners, including support rotator 161used to assist the upward rotation of articulated support member 103with respect to upper mounting assembly 132. More specifically, eacharticulated support member 103 may be structured and arranged to berotatable about a generally horizontal rotational axis 162 that isoriented approximately parallel to planar surface 158 ofcargo-supporting floor deck 116 (at least embodying herein at least onesecond support rotator structured and arranged to rotate such at leastone support, with respect to such at least one platform attacher;wherein such at least one second support rotator comprises at least onerotational axis parallel to the at least one cargo-supporting platform).The ability to rotate articulated support member 103 about rotationalaxis 162 permits aerodynamic skirt fairing 102 to temporarily rotate upand away from physical obstructions impacting the panels, and comprisesa third of the four different positional-adjustment types.

In one embodiment of the system, support rotator 161 comprises acylindrical bar 164 on which articulated support member 103 (at leastembodying herein at least one rigid channel) is pivotally engaged, asshown. Cylindrical bar 164 may be supported within opposing sidewalls166 of a “U”-shaped frame 168, which projects downwardly from the lowersurface of clamping plate 140, as shown. Frame 168 may be constructedfrom heavy-gauge sheet metal, such as, for example sheet steel having athickness of about seven gauge. Frame 168 also comprises a rear wall 170that is rigidly fixed to clamping plate 140 along with the opposingsidewalls 166. The cylindrical bar 164 may be removably retained withinthe opposing sidewalls 166 by means of a fixed head 172 and removablecotter pin 174, as shown.

Each articulated support member 103 may be “spring loaded” to biasaerodynamic skirt fairing 102 toward the useful aerodynamicrest-position 115 depicted in FIG. 1. In one embodiment of the system,each panel support 130 comprises an integral spring biaser 176comprising a helical torsion-type spring 178 engaged over cylindricalbar 164, as shown (at least embodying herein at least one spring biaserstructured and arranged to spring bias such at least one support toplace the at least one air-flow director in the at least one usefulaerodynamic rest-position relative to the at least one cargo-supportingplatform; wherein at least one pivot bar is fixed to such at least oneplatform attacher in an orientation coaxial with the rotational axisperpendicular to the at least one cargo-supporting platform; whereinsuch at least one rigid channel is pivotally engaged on such at leastone pivot bar; and wherein such at least one spring biaser comprises atleast one helical-type torsion spring structured and arranged to applyat least one spring force concurrently to such at least one platformattacher and such at least one rigid channel to bias such at least onerigid channel toward at least one position orienting the at least oneair-flow director in the at least one useful aerodynamic rest-position).

Helical torsion-type spring 178 may comprise a double-spring design (twosets of coils wound in opposite directions around the same center axisand joined by a central connecting leg 180), as shown. Centralconnecting leg 180 may be engaged within slot 182 formed within rearwall 170, as shown. Each end of helical torsion-type spring 178comprises a projecting leg 184 that engages crossbar 186 of articulatedsupport member 103, as best shown in FIG. 12.

The torque force generated by helical torsion-type spring 178 may beapplied concurrently to the underside of clamping plate 140 and crossbar186 of articulated support member 103, as shown. The lower face ofclamping plate 140, on which central connecting leg 180 is engaged, islocated a vertical distance D1 above the horizontal rotational axis 162of both cylindrical bar 164 and helical torsion-type spring 178, asshown. The center of crossbar 186 may be located a vertical distance D2below horizontal rotational axis 162 and may be shifted a horizontaldistance D3 forward of the horizontal rotational axis 162. In oneembodiment of the system, D1 comprises a vertical distance of about oneinch, D2 comprises a vertical distance of about 1.3 inches, and D3comprises a horizontal distance of about one inch.

FIG. 12 shows a partial side view, diagrammatically illustrating theintegration of spring biaser 176 within panel support 130 and the rangesof adjustment provided by the assembly. FIG. 13 shows a partial sideview, diagrammatically illustrating an upward freedom of movement ofarticulated support members 103, according to the embodiment of FIG. 1.As articulated support member 103 pivots upwardly, the center ofcrossbar 186 sweeps along an arcuate path having a radius R1 of about 1⅝inches. Support rotator 131 may be configured to permit articulatedsupport member 103 to rotate upwardly, from the selected aerodynamicrest-position 115, with about a 40-degree range of free motion. As bestillustrated in FIG. 13, opposing sidewalls 166 may be shaped to provideclearance for crossbar 186 during its upward swing.

The mechanical performance of helical torsion-type spring 178 may beselected to maintain aerodynamic skirt fairing 102 in the usefulaerodynamic rest-position 115 during use, while permitting upwardrotation of aerodynamic skirt fairing 102 (comprising the articulatedsupport members 103), from the useful aerodynamic rest-position 115, inresponse to the application of an impact force above a selected forcelevel. By selecting the appropriate spring force applied by the helicaltorsion-type springs 178 of support rotator 161, the level of windloading (or impact loading) required to rotate aerodynamic skirt fairing102 away from the useful aerodynamic rest-position 115 may be selected(at least embodying herein wherein said at least one second supportrotator is structured and arranged to permit at least one rotation ofsaid at least one support away from the at least one useful aerodynamicrest-position, in response to at least one force above a selected forcelevel applied to the at least one air-flow director).

The forward offset distance D3, between horizontal rotational axis 162and crossbar 186, may provide about 27-degrees of initial angulardisplacement of the projecting legs 184, as shown. This serves topre-load helical torsion-type spring 178 when the fairing is located ingenerally vertical aerodynamic rest-position 115, thereby reducing theoccurrence of transient vibrations during operation.

In one embodiment, a spring providing not more than about 65 inch-poundsof torque resistance, and no less than about 25 inch-pounds of torqueresistance may be used for installation. More particularly, a springproviding a torque of about 30 inch-pounds (as a measured average overabout a 40-degree range of motion) was found to be optimal for mostinstallations. This selection was based on the measured springperformance within the geometrical configuration of the embodiment ofFIG. 1. Such geometrical configuration may comprise the use of fourhelical torsion-type springs 178 may be located within four panelsupports 130 and a total fairing weight of not more than about 230pounds.

A double helical spring providing the required spring force may comprisetwo coiled bodies, each one having at least three active coils, asshown, and a wire diameter of about ¼ inch. It was further determinedthat selection of a spring having an initial torque rating of about 45inch-pounds eventually produced the 30 inch-pounds of torque resistanceafter a short period of dynamic operation. Thus, in practice, springs ofthe higher initial torque specification may be selected for integrationwithin the various embodiments of the system. Upon reading thisspecification, those with ordinary skill in the art will now appreciatethat, under appropriate circumstances, considering such issues as cost,user preference, etc., other spring arrangements such as, for example,“L”-shaped sections of spring steel structured and arranged to engagethe articulated support member and mounting plate, rubber members,flexible bars, compression springs, tension springs, leaf springs, gassprings, etc., may suffice.

The fourth of the multiple-adjuster types may comprise a support rotatoradjuster 188 configured to assist fine rotational adjustment ofarticulated support member 103 about horizontal rotational axis 162. Onesupport rotator adjuster 188 may be integrated within each panel support130 to allow the vertical orientation of aerodynamic skirt fairing 102to be adjusted to the most beneficial aerodynamic rest-position 115(thereby addressing hysteresis variations within the springs as well asirregularities in the trailer structure).

Support rotator adjuster 188 may comprise threaded member 192 that isrotatably engaged within threaded socket 194 of channel 141. Threadedmember 192 may comprise a distal end 195 arranged to contact rear wall170 of subassembly 160 (at least embodying herein at least one platformattacher), and a proximal end 196, comprising a hexagonal head adaptedto receive a wrench or similar tool used to set the depth of threadthreaded member 192 within threaded socket 194 by rotationalmanipulation. A jamb nut 197 maintains the positioning of threadedmember 192 within threaded socket 194 once the adjustment is complete.

Distal end 195 limits the outward pivotal rotation of support member 103by contacting rear wall 170, as shown. Rotation of threaded member 192produces fine rotational adjustments in support member 103 abouthorizontal rotational axis 162 (at least embodying herein at least onerotational axis generally parallel to the at least one cargo-supportingplatform) by lengthening or shortening the portion of threaded member192 situate between rear wall 170 and rear wall 198 of channel 141. Thisadjustability allows an installer to fine-tune the vertical orientationof the fairing to achieve an optimized aerodynamics, typically byplacing the panels in an approximately perpendicular (vertical) positionrelative to cargo-supporting floor deck 116. When properly adjusted,support member 103 may be arranged to orient aerodynamic skirt fairing102 in the useful aerodynamic rest-position 115 (at least embodyingherein wherein rotational adjustment of such at least one rigid channelassists in optimizing placement of such at least one air-flow directorin the at least one useful aerodynamic rest-position by angularadjustment of such at least one air-flow director relative to the atleast one cargo-supporting platform).

Thus, as diagrammatically illustrated by the directional arrows of FIG.12, the above-described arrangements of aerodynamic skirt fairing 102provide four different positional-adjustment types, comprising; thegenerally horizontal translational adjustment 201 enabled by clampingassembly 134, a first rotational adjustment 202 enabled by supportrotator 131 (providing the axial rotation of articulated support member103 about the generally vertical rotational axis 156), a secondrotational adjustment 203 enabled by support rotator 161 (providing theupward pivoting of articulated support member 103 illustrated in FIG.13), and a third rotational adjustment 204 used to fine-tune theorientation of the fairing by support rotator adjuster 188.

FIG. 14 is a cross-sectional view, through the rigid channel 141 ofarticulated support member 103. Channel 141 is configured toappropriately support the weight and dynamic force loads of thewind-deflecting panels of aerodynamic skirt fairing 102 duringoperation. Each channel 141 may comprise a set of mounting flanges 220on which the upper panels of aerodynamic skirt fairing 102 are affixed.Channel 141 may be constructed from heavy-gauge sheet metal, such as,for example sheet steel having about a 14-gauge thickness. In oneembodiment, the channel 141 comprises a member depth D4 of about 3½inches, an overall width W1 of about 4⅜ inches, and a flange width W2 ofabout one inch.

The upper panels of aerodynamic skirt fairing 102 are fixed to channel141 by mechanical fasteners 216, which are secured through the panelsand mounting flanges 220, as shown. In one embodiment of the system,mechanical fasteners 216 comprise rivets.

FIG. 15 is a partial cross-sectional view, through the upper peripheraledge 222 of an upper panel of aerodynamic skirt fairing 102, accordingto the embodiment of FIG. 1. Upper front panel 118, upper center panel120, and upper rear panel 122 each comprise angle member 224, as shown.Angle member 224 functions to stiffen the upper panel assembly andfurther assists in supporting the upper panel from articulated supportmembers 103. Angle member 224 comprises a metallic angle, such as, forexample, a 1 inch by 1 inch by ¼-inch thick aluminum angle, mechanicallyfastened and riveted to its respective upper panel by a ¼ inch by ¾-inchaluminum rivet.

Dynamic forces applied at the lower region of aerodynamic skirt fairing102 tend to produce the greatest dynamic actions within the assembly.This is due in part to the geometry of the structure, whereinaerodynamic skirt fairing 102 is, from a force-application perspective,a hinged cantilevered support that must resist bending moments and shearforces resulting from lateral wind loading. Any reduction ofturbulence-generated force loads at the base of the fairing (that is,the maximum moment-arm length of the cantilevered support) is highlybeneficial in that the overall panel system may comprise lighter andmore flexible materials, without exhibiting unstable behavior. Applicantwas successful in reducing unwanted dynamic actions within the operatingassembly, such as fluttering and similar flow-induced vibration arisingout of non-laminar fluid-structure interactions, through the use of thelower skirt 126 described herein.

FIG. 16 is a cross-sectional view, through the resilient lower skirt 126of aerodynamic skirt fairing 102, according to the embodiment of FIG. 1.The lower skirt 126 may be configured to extend uninterrupted along theentire length of aerodynamic skirt fairing 102. The seamless profile oflower skirt 126 was found to assists in reducing air turbulence alongthe lower region of aerodynamic skirt fairing 102. The uninterruptedlower skirt 126 functions to tie the entire assembly together, so thatfluctuating pressure forces acting against any one panel are distributedacross the entire assembly. Furthermore, the resilient composition oflower skirt 126 functions as a vibration damper to attenuate vibrationsand similar oscillations occurring within the assembly. This makesaerodynamic skirt fairing 102 more stable and thus, more aerodynamic.

A series of semicircular projecting ridges 225 may be formed along theupper outboard side of lower skirt 126, as shown. More specifically, aset of six semicircular projecting ridges 225, each having a diameter ofabout ⅛ inch, are formed within the upper two inches of lower skirt 126.These projecting ridges 225 are substantially linear in conformation andextend longitudinally along the length of the member. Projecting ridges225 function to protect lower skirt 126 from side impact and stiffenboth the skirt and underlying panel assembly on which it is attached.

A series of ball-shaped projections 230 are formed near the base oflower skirt 126, as shown. These ball-shaped projections 230 aresubstantially linear in conformation and extend longitudinally along thefull length of the member. In one embodiment of the system, the lowestball projection comprises a diameter of about ⅜ inches. A pair of upperball projections, vertically spaced approximately ¾ inch apart, eachcomprising diameters of about 9/32.

Ball-shaped projections 230 may function to channel air, making theskirt more stable. More specifically, it is believed that integration ofthe ball-shaped projections 230 within lower skirt 126 effectivelysmoothes the flow of air across the lower surfaces of aerodynamic skirtfairing 102, thereby reducing the tendency of the flow to separate fromthe surface of the skirt, which would otherwise give rise to vortexturbulence at one or either side of the member. Promoting laminar flowat the aerodynamic surfaces, by limiting the development of such vortexturbulence, reduces the magnitude of fluctuating pressure forces actingon the assembly, thus reducing the tendency of the fairing to exhibitfluttering or other vibrations during operation. In addition,ball-shaped projections 230 offer a further means for protecting theupper panel from impact when lower skirt 126 comes between a foreignobject and the upper panels.

Lower skirt 126 may comprise an overall height of about 9½ inches and athickness, excluding the above-noted projections, of about 5/32 inch.Lower skirt 126 may be provided in rolled form and is cut to lengthduring installation. A continuous “cleat” 226 is molded on the rear faceof the skirt, approximately 1½ inches below the upper peripheral edge oflower skirt 126, as shown. Cleat 226 acts as a guide to ensure quick,straight installation of lower skirt 126 to the base of the upperpanels. In addition, cleat 226 functions to further protect the upperpanels from bottom-up impacts.

Lower skirt 126 is may be capable of operating within a broadtemperature range, ranging between about −40-degrees Fahrenheit andabout 300-degrees Fahrenheit. The resilient lower skirt 126 may be madeof a flexible vulcanized plastic, such as a synthetic rubber likeSANOPRENE® sold by the U.S.-based Monsanto Company.

To reduce NOx, greenhouse gases, and improve fuel efficiency, legacyfleets can be retrofitted with the advanced aerodynamic trailer skirt102. Alternately, the skirt assemblies can be provided as new equipmentoptions.

Physical Testing

Physical testing of aerodynamic skirt fairing 102 demonstrated averagefuel savings of greater than about seven percent, when compared tobaseline test vehicles operated without aerodynamic skirt fairing 102.Testing was undertaken by an independent agency in strict conformancewith United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) testingguidelines.

The test utilized two new model-year 2011 Volvo tractors equipped withCummins engines and Wabash “Duraplate” cargo trailers (104) having alength of 53 feet. The test provided a comparison between a cargotrailer fitted with aerodynamic skirt fairings 102 and one without.Aerodynamic skirt fairings 102 were located below the sides of the cargotrailer as illustrated in FIG. 1. Fuel consumption was measured byweighing an auxiliary fuel tank on each vehicle.

The test was run at the General Motors Proving Grounds in Yuma, Ariz.The vehicles were driven on the inner lane of the three and one halfmile circle track an elevation of about 509 feet above sea level. Theinner lane of the track was a paved concrete surface and has comprised agrade change of about 0.78 degrees. Testing began with an hour warm-upat 2:15 AM on the 23rd day of April with all runs being completed thesame day. Weather data was recorded on site and comprised a temperatureof 53.2 degrees Fahrenheit, humidity of 72 percent, wind speed of about3 miles per hour and wind gusts of about 4.2 miles per hour.

Both the baseline and test portions were carried out according to theSociety of Automotive Engineers (SAE) J1321 and the EPA SmartWaymodifications. Twelve laps were driven at a speed of 65 MPH for a totalof 41.6 miles and a run time of around 39 minutes. Both trucks startedand stopped in the same location off the track where the fuel wasweighed. The scale was leveled and calibrated with two 50-poundcalibrated weights before the fuel was weighed before each run. Runtimes for each vehicle were measured using approved timers. During eachrun real-time data for engine speed, vehicle speed, coolant temperature,oil pressure, oil temperature, voltage, outside air pressure, andoutside temperature were recorded for each lap. A total of four runswere required for each test to achieve the required data.

For the baseline test, the first run, with a ratio of 0.986, was notused. For the test runs the third run, with a ratio of 0.984, was notused. The averages for the baseline runs and test runs were 1.013 and0.945 respectively. By using the calculations outlined in the SAE J1321specification, the percentage fuel savings between the two tests weremeasured at 6.68 percent after aerodynamic skirt fairings 102 were addedwhich equates to a 7.15 percentage improvement in fuel economy. Thevarious embodiments described herein were shown to significantly exceedthe minimum requirements for EPA SMARTWAY certification required for aClass-8 sleeper-cab tractor/trailer combination.

FIG. 17 shows a front view, in partial cut-away section, of alternatedampener-isolated panel support 302 of the advanced aerodynamic skirtfairing 102, according to another embodiment of the present system. FIG.18 shows a sectional view of the section 18-18 of FIG. 17 showing asectional side view of the alternate dampener-isolated panel support302. Appendix A shows additional supporting information according to thearrangements of the alternate dampener-isolated panel support 302.

Referring to FIG. 17, FIG. 18, and the illustrations of Appendix A,dampener-isolated panel support 302 may comprise analternately-configured articulated support member 103 providing thesupport and articulation features provided by the prior embodiments inaddition to dampening of periodic frequencies within the fairingstructure during use.

The upper mounting assembly 306 of dampener-isolated panel support 302may be coupled to the lower panel support member 308 by at least oneelastomeric-isolator 304, as shown (at least embodying herein at leastone elastomerically-isolated coupler). The elastomeric-isolator 304 maybe configured to dampen and attenuate transient vibrations, dynamicloads, oscillating forces, etc. transmitted between the lower panelsupport member 308 of aerodynamic skirt fairing 102 (see FIG. 1) andupper mounting assembly 306. Elastomeric-isolator 304 is configured tocomprise rotational axis 310 about which the lower member supportingaerodynamic skirt fairing 102 articulates. The elastomeric-isolator 304may dissipate energy as aerodynamic skirt fairing 102 articulates aboutsuch axis.

The upper mounting assembly 306 of dampener-isolated panel support 302may comprise a downwardly-projecting engagement member 312 rigidlyjoined to the underside of clamping plate 314, as shown. Engagementmember 312 may comprise a one-inch diameter steel rod having aprojecting length of about three inches. Engagement member 312 may bethermally welded to clamping plate 314, as shown. In one embodiment,there is no steel to steel connection between the upper mountingassembly 306 of dampener-isolated panel support 302 and lower panelsupport member 308.

The elastomeric-isolator 304 may comprise a rigid peripheral frame 316having metallic outer walls defining an internal region structured andarranged to receive engagement member 312, as shown. Peripheral frame316 may be rigidly mounted to the outside of channel 318 that forms thelower panel support member 308, as shown. Peripheral frame 316 may berigidly mounted to the outside of channel 318 by an opposing pair ofside gusset plates 317, as shown, and is located about one and one-halfinches below the bottom of clamping plate 314.

Elastomeric-isolator 304 may comprise a pivot point for enabling atleast one first freedom of movement about rotational axis 310 (a firstpivot axis). Elastomeric-isolator 304 may comprise dampener means 322for damping the movement of lower panel support member 308 (and thefairing assembly) about rotational axis 310. Such dampener means 322 maycomprise an elastomeric material coupling engagement member 312 andperipheral frame 316. Elastomeric-isolator 304 further comprisesrestrainer means 324 for restraining movement of the lower panel supportmember 308 along a second freedom of movement generally perpendicular tosuch at least one first freedom of movement. Elastomeric-isolator 304comprises elastomeric limiters 326 to limit the rotation of the lowerpanel support member 308 about rotational axis 310.

Engagement member 312 may be engaged within the bore of a metallicsleeve 328 and is removably captured therein by at least one removableretainer 330. The selected elastomeric material may be molded orotherwise coupled to the outer surfaces of metallic sleeve 328 and innerwalls of peripheral frame 316, as shown. The mechanical properties ofthe selected elastomeric material may be matched to the performancerequirements of the application. The elastomeric material may comprise asynthetic material having a Shore A (Durometer) hardness of betweenabout 50 and about 95. The selected elastomer may be shaped to provide acontrolled rotational axis 310 and means for restraining rotationtransversely to rotational axis 310 (identified herein as restrainermeans 324). More specifically, the selected elastomer is shaped to forma pair of transverse bridge members extending between opposing sides ofmetallic sleeve 328 and inner walls of peripheral frame 316, as shown.The bridges are configured to enable dampened resilient movement aboutrotational axis 310 and relatively restrained movement in the directiontransverse to rotational axis 310. Elastomeric limiters 326 may comprisean opposing set of ramp-shaped elastomeric blocks placed within theperipheral frame 316, as shown, and function to resiliently limitpivoting of lower panel support member 308 by impingement of the sleeveon the ramp-shaped limiters.

Dampener-isolated panel support 302 may function to reduce the capacityof the system to respond to excitations generated by wind loads andother dynamic force loads during use. Dampener-isolated panel support302 may assist in controlling resonance, which generally arise asfrequencies matching the natural frequency of the overall fairing systemcoincide with external vibration frequencies imposed by the vehicle andsurrounding environment. The clamping plate 314 may be further modifiedto comprise at least one upwardly-projecting restraint wall 332structured and arranged to restrain rotation of first clamping member137 about first threaded tensioner 142. Furthermore, clamping plate 314is modified to comprise a set of aperture-containing fastener tabs 336allowing a fastener (a screw or bolt) to pass through fastener tab 336to further secure clamping plate 314 to the underside flange 136 ofstructural support member 105.

The present technology has been described with reference to specificexemplary embodiments. Various modifications and changes, however, maybe made without departing from the scope of the present technology. Thedescription and figures are to be regarded in an illustrative manner,rather than a restrictive one and all such modifications are intended tobe included within the scope of the present technology. Accordingly, thescope of the present technology should be determined by the genericembodiments described and their legal equivalents rather than by merelythe specific examples described above. For example, the steps recited inany method or process embodiment may be executed in any order, unlessotherwise expressly specified, and are not limited to the explicit orderpresented in the specific examples. Additionally, the components and/orelements recited in any apparatus embodiment may be assembled orotherwise operationally configured in a variety of permutations toproduce substantially the same result as the present technology and areaccordingly not limited to the specific configuration recited in thespecific examples.

Benefits, other advantages and solutions to problems have been describedabove with regard to particular embodiments; however, any benefit,advantage, solution to problems or any element that may cause anyparticular benefit, advantage or solution to occur or to become morepronounced are not to be construed as critical, required or essentialfeatures or components.

As used herein, the terms “comprises”, “comprising”, or any variationthereof, are intended to reference a non-exclusive inclusion, such thata process, method, article, composition or apparatus that comprises alist of elements does not include only those elements recited, but mayalso include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to suchprocess, method, article, composition or apparatus. Other combinationsand/or modifications of the above-described structures, arrangements,applications, proportions, elements, materials or components used in thepractice of the present technology, in addition to those notspecifically recited, may be varied or otherwise particularly adapted tospecific environments, manufacturing specifications, design parametersor other operating requirements without departing from the generalprinciples of the same.

The present technology has been described above with reference to apreferred embodiment. However, changes and modifications may be made tothe preferred embodiment without departing from the scope of the presentinvention. These and other changes or modifications are intended to beincluded within the scope of the present invention, as expressed in thefollowing claims.

The invention claimed is:
 1. A side skirt system, configured to attachto a cargo trailer comprising a generally-rectilinear floor assemblyhaving longitudinal sides, a longitudinal axis, a forward portion, atrailing portion, and having at least one rear wheel assembly situatedbelow said generally-rectilinear floor, comprising: a) a plurality ofgenerally-vertical support posts; and b) a set of generally-verticalside-skirt wall panels; c) wherein each respective generally-verticalsupport post of said plurality comprises a respective upper end; d)wherein each such respective generally-vertical support post is coupledonly adjacent, at said respective upper end; e) wherein at least onerespective generally-vertical support post is coupled below said upperend to at least one of said set of generally-vertical side-skirt wallpanels; f) at least one adjustable attacher structured and arranged toadjustably attach said generally-vertical support post to saidgenerally-rectilinear floor; g) wherein each such respectivegenerally-vertical support post is configured to assist upward andinward pivoting of at least one of said set of generally-verticalside-skirt wall panels; h) wherein impact damage of said set ofgenerally-vertical side-skirt wall panels may be reduced by such upwardand inward pivoting; i) wherein such respective generally-verticalsupport post further comprises at least one positional biaser structuredand arranged to positionally bias such respective generally-verticalsupport post into at least one generally-vertical position; j) whereinsaid set of generally-vertical side-skirt wall panels are positionallybiased toward at least one useful aerodynamic rest-position; k) whereinsaid at least one adjustable attacher comprises at least onevertical-axis rotator configured to allow rotation of saidgenerally-vertical support post about a generally-vertical axis; and l)wherein said at least one vertical-axis rotator comprises at least onepositional maintainer structured and arranged to maintain suchrespective generally-vertical support post in at least one definedrotational position about such generally-vertical axis.
 2. The sideskirt system according to claim 1, wherein said at least one adjustableattacher further comprises at least one clamping assembly structured andarranged to assist adjustable clamping of said generally-verticalsupport post to at least one floor support member of saidgenerally-rectilinear floor.
 3. The side skirt system according to claim1, wherein said at least one adjustable attacher comprises: a) at leastone mounting plate; and b) at least one threaded-shaft tensionerstructured and arranged to tension said at least one mounting platetoward such mounted engagement; c) wherein said at least one mountingplate comprises at least one slotted aperture structured and arranged toreceive said at least one threaded-shaft tensioner.
 4. The side skirtsystem according to claim 1, wherein said at least one positional biasercomprises at least one spring.
 5. The side skirt system according toclaim 1, wherein said generally-vertical support post comprises at leastone channel having at least one mounting flange structured and arrangedto assist connection of at least one of said set of generally-verticalside-skirt wall panels to such respective generally-vertical supportpost.
 6. A side skirt system, relating to reducing aerodynamic drag ofcargo trailers, such cargo trailer comprising a generally-rectilinearfloor assembly having longitudinal sides, a longitudinal axis, a forwardportion, a trailing portion, and having at least one rear wheel assemblysituated below said generally-rectilinear floor, said system comprising:a) at least two generally-vertical support posts; and b) a set ofgenerally-vertical side-skirt wall panels; c) wherein each saidgenerally-vertical support post comprises an upper end configured to becoupled with such generally-rectilinear floor assembly; d) wherein atleast one of said generally-vertical support post is configured to becoupled below said upper end to at least one of said set ofgenerally-vertical side-skirt wall panels; and e) at least oneadjustable attacher structured and arranged to adjustably attach saidgenerally-vertical support post to at least one floor support member ofsuch generally-rectilinear floor; f) wherein said at least oneadjustable attacher comprises: i) at least one mounting plate structuredand arranged to assist coupling of said generally-vertical support postwith at least one flanged portion of such at least one floor supportmember; and ii) at least one threaded-shaft tensioner structured andarranged to tension said at least one mounting plate to assist suchcoupling; iii) wherein said at least one mounting plate comprises atleast one slotted aperture structured and arranged to receive said atleast one threaded-shaft tensioner.
 7. The side skirt system accordingto claim 6 wherein: a) at least one of said generally-vertical supportpost comprises at least one horizontal-axis rotator configured, whenassembled, to assist upward and inward pivoting of at least one of saidset of generally-vertical side-skirt wall panels about at least onegenerally-horizontal axis; and b) impact damage of said set ofgenerally-vertical side-skirt wall panels, when assembled, may bereduced.
 8. The side skirt system according to claim 7, wherein saidgenerally-vertical support post further comprises at least onepositional biaser structured and arranged to positionally bias, whenassembled, said generally-vertical support post into at least onegenerally-vertical position.
 9. The side skirt system according to claim8, wherein said at least one adjustable attacher comprises at least onevertical-axis rotator configured to allow rotation, when assembled, ofsaid generally-vertical support post about a generally-vertical axis.10. The side skirt system according to claim 9, wherein said at leastone vertical-axis rotator, when assembled, comprises at least onepositional maintainer structured and arranged to maintain saidgenerally-vertical support post in at least one defined rotationalposition about such generally-vertical axis.
 11. The side skirt system,according to claim 9, wherein said at least one mounting plate and saidat least one threaded-shaft tensioner are configured to form at leastone clamping assembly structured and arranged to assist, when assembled,adjustable clamping of said generally-vertical support post to such atleast one floor support member of such generally-rectilinear floor. 12.The side skirt system, according to claim 11 wherein said at least onevertical-axis rotator comprises: a) at least one clamping assemblycomprising: i) at least one first mounting plate and at least one secondmounting plate, ii) at least one first threaded-shaft tensionerstructured and arranged to threadably tension said at least one firstmounting plate to at least one first clamped engagement with at leastone floor support member, and iii) at least one second threaded-shafttensioner structured and arranged to threadably tension said at leastone second mounting plate to at least one second clamped engagement suchat least one floor support member; b) wherein said at least one firstthreaded-shaft tensioner is structured and arranged to comprise at leastone hinge position with respect to said at least one secondthreaded-shaft tensioner; c) wherein said at least one secondthreaded-shaft tensioner is structured and arranged to pivot withrespect to said at least one hinge position; and d) wherein pivotalpositioning of said at least one second threaded-shaft tensioner withrespect to said first threaded-shaft tensioner assists, when assembled,such rotation of said generally-vertical support post about such atleast one vertical rotational axis.
 13. The side skirt system, accordingto claim 12, wherein: a) said at least one slotted aperture isconfigured to receive said at least one second threaded-shaft tensioner;b) said at least one slotted aperture comprises at least one aperturearea no less than 110% of an area of a cross section of a threadedsection of said second threaded-shaft tensioner; and c) said at leastone slotted aperture assists such pivoting of said second threaded-shafttensioner with respect to said at least one hinge position.
 14. The sideskirt system according to claim 8, wherein said at least one positionalbiaser comprises at least one spring.
 15. The side skirt system,according to claim 7, wherein said at least one horizontal-axis rotatorcomprises: a) at least one pivot bar oriented generally coaxially withthe generally-horizontal rotational axis; and b) at least onehelical-type torsion spring structured and arranged to apply at leastone spring force to bias said generally-vertical support post toward atleast one position orienting said set of generally-vertical side-skirtwall panels, when assembled, in the at least one generally-verticalposition; c) wherein said generally-vertical support post comprises atleast one channel having at least one mounting flange structured andarranged to assist connection of at one of said set ofgenerally-vertical side-skirt wall panels to said generally-verticalsupport post; and d) wherein said at least one channel is pivotallyengaged on said at least one pivot bar.
 16. The side skirt systemaccording to claim 7 further comprising at least one rotational adjusterstructured and arranged to assist rotational adjustment, when assembled,of said generally-vertical support post, about the at least onegenerally-horizontal axis, to such at least one generally-verticalposition.
 17. The side skirt system according to claim 16, wherein saidat least one support-rotator adjuster further comprises: a) at least onethreaded member threadably engaged within said at least one channel; b)wherein a rotation of said at least one threaded member produces atleast one rotational adjustment, when assembled, of said at least onechannel about the generally-horizontal rotational axis; and c) whereinsuch at least one rotational adjustment of said at least one channel,when assembled, assists in optimizing placement of said set ofgenerally-vertical side-skirt wall panels in the at least onegenerally-vertical position by angular adjustment.
 18. The side skirtsystem according to claim 16, wherein said set of generally-verticalside-skirt wall panels further comprise: a) at least three planarpanels, each one structured and arranged, when assembled, to besupported from the generally-rectilinear floor assembly by at least twoof said generally-vertical support posts; b) wherein, when assembled,said at least three planar panels, when supported in series, direct aflow of air passing adjacent the cargo trailer away from the at leastone rear wheel assembly.
 19. The side skirt system according to claim 18further comprising the cargo trailer comprising a generally-rectilinearfloor assembly having longitudinal sides, a longitudinal axis, a forwardportion, a trailing portion, and having at least one rear wheel assemblysituated below said generally-rectilinear floor.
 20. The side skirtsystem according to claim 6, wherein said generally-vertical supportpost comprises at least one channel having at least one mounting flangeconfigured to assist connection of at one of said set ofgenerally-vertical side-skirt wall panels to said generally-verticalsupport post.
 21. The side skirt system according to claim 6, whereinsaid set of generally-vertical side-skirt wall panels comprises at leastone planar panel structured and arranged, when assembled, to direct airpassing adjacent the cargo trailer away from the at least one rear wheelassembly.
 22. The side skirt system according to claim 21 furthercomprising: a) at least one resilient deflection-member structured andarranged to resiliently deflect under force-loading; b) wherein, whenassembled, said at least one resilient deflection-member extendsgenerally continuously along a bottom portion of said at least oneplanar panel.
 23. The side skirt system according to claim 22, whereinsaid at least one resilient deflection-member further comprises at leastone synthetic rubber comprising at least one air-smoothing projectionstructured and arranged, when assembled, to assist in smoothing airflowalong the surface of said at least one resilient deflection-member. 24.The side skirt system according to claim 22 further comprising twonon-intersecting sets of generally-vertical side-skirt wall panels, eachsuch respective set of generally-vertical side-skirt wall panels locatedbelow a respective one of said longitudinal sides.